linux Command sysbench 线程压力测试工具
1. 简介
sysbench 是一个开源的、模块化的、跨平台的多线程性能测试工具，可以用来进行CPU、内存、磁盘I/O、线程、数据库的性能测试。目前支持的数据库有MySQL、Oracle和PostgreSQL。当前功能允许测试的系统参数有：
- file I/O performance （文件I / O性能）
- scheduler performance （调度性能）
- memory allocation and transfer speed （内存分配和传输速度）
- POSIX threads implementation performance （POSIX线程执行绩效）
- database server performance (OLTP benchmark) （数据库服务器性能）
2. 安装
2.1 Ubuntu
apt-get install sysbench
2.2 centos
yum -y install epel-release
yum -y update
yum install sysbench
2.3 编译安装
下载： sysbench-1.0.20
apt-get -y install automake libtool libtool-bin
sysbench-1.0.20.zip
unzip
cd sysbench-1.0.20
mkdir /usr/sysbench/
./autogen.sh
要是出现：perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C")。则需要设置locale:
echo "export LC_ALL=C" >> /root/.bashrc
source /root/.bashrc
要是没有安装开发包，即/usr/include/ 目录下面没有mysql文件夹。则需要执行安装(版本为12.04):
sudo apt-get -y install libmysqlclient-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libmysqld-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libmysqld-pic
执行configure操作：
./configure --prefix=/usr/sysbench/ --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql/ --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql/ --with-mysql
说明：
- --prefix=/usr/sysbench/ ：指定sysbench的安装目录。
- --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql/ ：指定安装mysql时候的includes目录。
- --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql/ ：指定装mysql时候的lib目录。
- --with-mysql ：sysbench默认支持mysql，如果需要测试oracle或者pgsql则需要制定–with-oracle或者–with-pgsql。
cp /usr/bin/libtool /root/sysbench-1.0.20
make && make install
3. 参数
$ sysbench --help
Usage:
sysbench [options]... [testname] [command]
Commands implemented by most tests: prepare run cleanup help
General options:
--threads=N number of threads to use [1]
--events=N limit for total number of events [0]
--time=N limit for total execution time in seconds [10]
--forced-shutdown=STRING number of seconds to wait after the --time limit before forcing shutdown, or 'off' to disable [off] #超过max-time强制中断。默认是off。
--thread-stack-size=SIZE size of stack per thread [64K] #每个线程的堆栈大小。默认是32K。
--rate=N average transactions rate. 0 for unlimited rate [0]
--report-interval=N periodically report intermediate statistics with a specified interval in seconds. 0 disables intermediate reports [0]
--report-checkpoints=[LIST,...] dump full statistics and reset all counters at specified points in time. The argument is a list of comma-separated values representing the amount of time in seconds elapsed from start of test when report checkpoint(s) must be performed. Report checkpoints are off by default. []
--debug[=on|off] print more debugging info [off]
--validate[=on|off] perform validation checks where possible [off]
--help[=on|off] print help and exit [off]
--version[=on|off] print version and exit [off]
--config-file=FILENAME File containing command line options
--tx-rate=N deprecated alias for --rate [0]
--max-requests=N deprecated alias for --events [0] #请求的最大数目。默认为10000，0代表不限制。
--max-time=N deprecated alias for --time [0] #最大执行时间，单位是s。默认是0,不限制
--num-threads=N deprecated alias for --threads [1] #创建测试线程的数目。默认为1.
Pseudo-Random Numbers Generator options:
--rand-type=STRING random numbers distribution {uniform,gaussian,special,pareto} [special]
--rand-spec-iter=N number of iterations used for numbers generation [12]
--rand-spec-pct=N percentage of values to be treated as 'special' (for special distribution) [1]
--rand-spec-res=N percentage of 'special' values to use (for special distribution) [75]
--rand-seed=N seed for random number generator. When 0, the current time is used as a RNG seed. [0]
--rand-pareto-h=N parameter h for pareto distribution [0.2]
Log options:
--verbosity=N verbosity level {5 - debug, 0 - only critical messages} [3]
--percentile=N percentile to calculate in latency statistics (1-100). Use the special value of 0 to disable percentile calculations [95]
--histogram[=on|off] print latency histogram in report [off]
General database options:
--db-driver=STRING specifies database driver to use ('help' to get list of available drivers)
--db-ps-mode=STRING prepared statements usage mode {auto, disable} [auto]
--db-debug[=on|off] print database-specific debug information [off]
Compiled-in database drivers:
mysql - MySQL driver
pgsql - PostgreSQL driver
mysql options:
--mysql-host=[LIST,...] MySQL server host [localhost]
--mysql-port=[LIST,...] MySQL server port [3306]
--mysql-socket=[LIST,...] MySQL socket
--mysql-user=STRING MySQL user [sbtest]
--mysql-password=STRING MySQL password []
--mysql-db=STRING MySQL database name [sbtest]
--mysql-ssl[=on|off] use SSL connections, if available in the client library [off]
--mysql-ssl-cipher=STRING use specific cipher for SSL connections []
--mysql-compression[=on|off] use compression, if available in the client library [off]
--mysql-debug[=on|off] trace all client library calls [off]
--mysql-ignore-errors=[LIST,...] list of errors to ignore, or "all" [1213,1020,1205]
--mysql-dry-run[=on|off] Dry run, pretend that all MySQL client API calls are successful without executing them [off]
pgsql options:
--pgsql-host=STRING PostgreSQL server host [localhost]
--pgsql-port=N PostgreSQL server port [5432]
--pgsql-user=STRING PostgreSQL user [sbtest]
--pgsql-password=STRING PostgreSQL password []
--pgsql-db=STRING PostgreSQL database name [sbtest]
Compiled-in tests:
fileio - File I/O test
cpu - CPU performance test
memory - Memory functions speed test
threads - Threads subsystem performance test
mutex - Mutex performance test
3.1 sysbench --test=fileio help
$ sysbench --test=fileio help
sysbench 1.0.11 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)
fileio options:
--file-num=N 创建测试文件的数量。默认是128
--file-block-size=N 测试时文件块的大小。默认是16384(16K)
--file-total-size=SIZE 测试文件的总大小。默认是2G
--file-test-mode=STRING 文件测试模式{seqwr(顺序写), seqrewr(顺序读写), seqrd(顺序读), rndrd(随机读), rndwr(随机写), rndrw(随机读写)}
--file-io-mode=STRING 文件操作模式{sync(同步),async(异步),fastmmap(快速map映射),slowmmap(慢map映射)}。默认是sync
--file-extra-flags=STRING 使用额外的标志来打开文件{sync,dsync,direct} 。默认为空
--file-fsync-freq=N 执行fsync()的频率。(0 – 不使用fsync())。默认是100
--file-fsync-all=[on|off] 每执行完一次写操作就执行一次fsync。默认是off
--file-fsync-end=[on|off] 在测试结束时才执行fsync。默认是on
--file-fsync-mode=STRING 使用哪种方法进行同步{fsync, fdatasync}。默认是fsync
--file-merged-requests=N 如果可以，合并最多的IO请求数(0 – 表示不合并)。默认是0
--file-rw-ratio=N 测试时的读写比例。默认是1.5
3.2 sysbench --test=cpu help
$ sysbench --test=cpu help
sysbench 1.0.11 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)
cpu options:
--cpu-max-prime=N upper limit for primes generator [10000] 最大质数发生器数量。默认是10000
3.3 sysbench --test=memory help
$ sysbench --test=memory help
sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark
memory options:
--memory-block-size=SIZE 测试时内存块大小。默认是1K
--memory-total-size=SIZE 传输数据的总大小。默认是100G
--memory-scope=STRING 内存访问范围{global,local}。默认是global
--memory-hugetlb=[on|off] 从HugeTLB池内存分配。默认是off
--memory-oper=STRING 内存操作类型。{read, write, none} 默认是write
--memory-access-mode=STRING存储器存取方式{seq,rnd} 默认是seq
3.4 sysbench --test=threads help
threads options:
--thread-yields=N 每个请求产生多少个线程。默认是1000
--thread-locks=N 每个线程的锁的数量。默认是8
3.5 sysbench --test=mutex help
mutex options:
--mutex-num=N 数组互斥的总大小。默认是4096
--mutex-locks=N 每个线程互斥锁的数量。默认是50000
--mutex-loops=N 内部互斥锁的空循环数量。默认是10000
3.6 sysbench --test=oltp help
oltp options:
--oltp-test-mode=STRING 执行模式{simple,complex(advanced transactional),nontrx(non-transactional),sp}。默认是complex
--oltp-reconnect-mode=STRING 重新连接模式{session(不使用重新连接。每个线程断开只在测试结束),transaction(在每次事务结束后重新连接),query(在每个SQL语句执行完重新连接),random(对于每个事务随机选择以上重新连接模式)}。默认是session
--oltp-sp-name=STRING 存储过程的名称。默认为空
--oltp-read-only=[on|off] 只读模式。Update，delete，insert语句不可执行。默认是off
--oltp-skip-trx=[on|off] 省略begin/commit语句。默认是off
--oltp-range-size=N 查询范围。默认是100
--oltp-point-selects=N number of point selects [10]
--oltp-simple-ranges=N number of simple ranges [1]
--oltp-sum-ranges=N number of sum ranges [1]
--oltp-order-ranges=N number of ordered ranges [1]
--oltp-distinct-ranges=N number of distinct ranges [1]
--oltp-index-updates=N number of index update [1]
--oltp-non-index-updates=N number of non-index updates [1]
--oltp-nontrx-mode=STRING 查询类型对于非事务执行模式{select, update_key, update_nokey, insert, delete} [select]
--oltp-auto-inc=[on|off] AUTO_INCREMENT是否开启。默认是on
--oltp-connect-delay=N 在多少微秒后连接数据库。默认是10000
--oltp-user-delay-min=N 每个请求最短等待时间。单位是ms。默认是0
--oltp-user-delay-max=N 每个请求最长等待时间。单位是ms。默认是0
--oltp-table-name=STRING 测试时使用到的表名。默认是sbtest
--oltp-table-size=N 测试表的记录数。默认是10000
--oltp-dist-type=STRING 分布的随机数{uniform(均匀分布),Gaussian(高斯分布),special(空间分布)}。默认是special
--oltp-dist-iter=N 产生数的迭代次数。默认是12
--oltp-dist-pct=N 值的百分比被视为'special' (for special distribution)。默认是1
--oltp-dist-res=N ‘special’的百分比值。默认是75
General database options:
--db-driver=STRING 数据库类型，指定数据库驱动程序('help' to get list of available drivers)
--db-ps-mode=STRING 数据库预处理模式{auto, disable} [auto]
Compiled-in database drivers:
mysql - MySQL driver
mysql options:
--mysql-host=[LIST,...] MySQL server host [localhost]
--mysql-port=N MySQL server port [3306]
--mysql-socket=STRING MySQL socket
--mysql-user=STRING MySQL user [sbtest]
--mysql-password=STRING MySQL password []
--mysql-db=STRING MySQL database name [sbtest]
--mysql-table-engine=STRING storage engine to use for the test table {myisam,innodb,bdb,heap,ndbcluster,federated} [innodb]
--mysql-engine-trx=STRING whether storage engine used is transactional or not {yes,no,auto} [auto]
--mysql-ssl=[on|off] use SSL connections, if available in the client library [off]
--myisam-max-rows=N max-rows parameter for MyISAM tables [1000000]
--mysql-create-options=STRING additional options passed to CREATE TABLE []
4. 测试
4.1 测试 CPU
$ sysbench --test=cpu --cpu-max-prime=2000 run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.11 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time
Prime numbers limit: 2000
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
CPU speed:
events per second: 7290.82
General statistics:
total time: 10.0017s
total number of events: 72939
Latency (ms):
min: 0.09
avg: 0.14
max: 20.14
95th percentile: 0.24
sum: 9907.92
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 72939.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 9.9079/0.00
4.2 测试线程
$ sysbench --test=threads --num-threads=500 --thread-yields=100 --thread-locks=4 run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
WARNING: --num-threads is deprecated, use --threads instead
sysbench 1.0.11 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 500
Initializing random number generator from current time
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
General statistics:
total time: 10.1607s
total number of events: 59317
Latency (ms):
min: 0.05
avg: 84.75
max: 2438.83
95th percentile: 337.94
sum: 5027365.00
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 118.6340/83.13
execution time (avg/stddev): 10.0547/0.05
4.3 测试 IO
--num-threads 开启的线程 --file-total-size 总的文件大小
- prepare阶段，生成需要的测试文件，完成后会在当前目录下生成很多小文件。
sysbench --test=fileio --num-threads=16 --file-total-size=2G --file-test-mode=rndrw prepare
- run阶段
sysbench --test=fileio --num-threads=20 --file-total-size=2G --file-test-mode=rndrw run
- 清理测试时生成的文件
sysbench --test=fileio --num-threads=20 --file-total-size=2G --file-test-mode=rndrw cleanup
4.4 测试内存
$ sysbench --test=memory --memory-block-size=8k --memory-total-size=1G run
WARNING: the --test option is deprecated. You can pass a script name or path on the command line without any options.
sysbench 1.0.11 (using system LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1
Initializing random number generator from current time
Running memory speed test with the following options:
block size: 8KiB
total size: 1024MiB
operation: write
scope: global
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
Total operations: 131072 (599444.59 per second)
1024.00 MiB transferred (4683.16 MiB/sec)
General statistics:
total time: 0.2148s
total number of events: 131072
Latency (ms):
min: 0.00
avg: 0.00
max: 4.26
95th percentile: 0.00
sum: 159.78
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 0.1598/0.00
4.5 测试 mutex
略
4.6 测试 OLTP
- prepare阶段，生成需要的测试表
sysbench --test=oltp --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-host=192.168.X.X --mysql-db=test --oltp-table-size=500000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123456 prepare
- run阶段
sysbench --num-threads=16 --test=oltp --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-host=192.168.x.x --mysql-db=test --oltp-table-size=500000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123456 run
- 清理测试时生成的测试表
sysbench --num-threads=16 --test=oltp --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-host=192.168.x.x --mysql-db=test --oltp-table-size=500000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123456 cleanup
4.7 测试OLTP 结合lua脚本
$ dpkg -L sysbench
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/sysbench
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/sysbench
/usr/share/doc/sysbench/README.md.gz
/usr/share/doc/sysbench/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/sysbench/copyright
/usr/share/doc/sysbench/manual.html
/usr/share/doc-base
/usr/share/doc-base/sysbench-manual
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man1
/usr/share/man/man1/sysbench.1.gz
/usr/share/sysbench
/usr/share/sysbench/bulk_insert.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_delete.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_insert.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_point_select.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_read_only.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_read_write.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_update_index.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_update_non_index.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_write_only.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/select_random_points.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/select_random_ranges.lua
参数
--test=tests/db/oltp.lua表示调用 tests/db/oltp.lua 脚本进行 oltp 模式测试--mysql-table-engine=innodb表示选择测试表的存储引擎--oltp_tables_count=10表示会生成 10 个测试表--oltp-table-size=100000表示每个测试表填充数据量为 100000--rand-init=on表示每个测试表都是用随机数据来填充的--num-threads=8表示发起 8个并发连接--oltp-read-only=off表示不要进行只读测试，也就是会采用读写混合模式测试--report-interval=10表示每10秒输出一次测试进度报告--rand-type=uniform表示随机类型为固定模式，其他几个可选随机模式：uniform(固定),gaussian(高斯),special(特定的),pareto(帕累托)--max-time=120表示最大执行时长为 120秒--max-requests=0表示总请求数为 0，因为上面已经定义了总执行时长，所以总请求数可以设定为 0；也可以只设定总请求数，不设定最大执行时长--percentile=99表示设定采样比例，默认是 95%，即丢弃1%的长请求，在剩余的99%里取最大值
如果在本机，也可以使用 –mysql-socket 指定 socket 文件来连接。加载测试数据时长视数据量而定，若过程比较久需要稍加耐心等待。
- 初始化数据：
prepare在本地数据库的dba_test库中，初始化三张表（sbtest1、sbtest2、sbtest3），存储引擎是innodb，每张表50万数据。
sysbench --test=/usr/share/doc/sysbench/tests/db/oltp.lua --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-db=dba_test --oltp-table-size=500000 --oltp_tables_count=3 --rand-init=on --mysql-user=zjy --mysql-password=zjy prepare
如果是本机测试，所以也可以使用--mysql-socket指定socket文件来连接。
- 测试：run 模拟对3个表并发OLTP测试，每个表50万行记录，持续压测时间为5分钟。
sysbench --test=/usr/share/doc/sysbench/tests/db/oltp.lua --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-db=dba_test --num-threads=8 --oltp-table-size=500000 --oltp_tables_count=3 --oltp-read-only=off --report-interval=10 --rand-type=uniform --max-time=600 --max-requests=0 --percentile=99 --mysql-user=zjy --mysql-password=zjy run
结果：
#每10秒钟报告一次测试结果，tps、每秒读、每秒写、95%以上的响应时长统计
[ 10s] threads: 8, tps: 66.60, reads: 943.67, writes: 269.62, response time: 431.72ms (95%), errors: 0.00, reconnects: 0.00
[ 20s] threads: 8, tps: 34.30, reads: 480.20, writes: 137.20, response time: 598.28ms (95%), errors: 0.00, reconnects: 0.00
[ 30s] threads: 8, tps: 36.60, reads: 512.40, writes: 146.40, response time: 494.87ms (95%), errors: 0.00, reconnects: 0.00
OLTP test statistics:
queries performed:
read: 941248 #读总数
write: 268928 #写总数
other: 134464 #其他操作总数(SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE之外的操作，例如COMMIT等)
total: 1344640 #全部总数
transactions: 67232 (112.04 per sec.) #总事务数(每秒事务数)
read/write requests: 1210176 (2016.73 per sec.) #读写总数(每秒读写次数)
other operations: 134464 (224.08 per sec.) #其他操作总数(每秒其他操作次数)
ignored errors: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
reconnects: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
General statistics:
total time: 600.0698s #总耗时
total number of events: 67232 #共发生多少事务数
total time taken by event execution: 4799.8569s # 所有事务耗时相加(不考虑并行因素)
response time:
min: 2.09ms #最小耗时
avg: 71.39ms #平均耗时
max: 839.32ms #最大耗时
approx. 95 percentile: 309.40ms 超过95%平均耗时
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 8404.0000/17.56
execution time (avg/stddev): 599.9821/0.02
- 清理数据：cleanup
sysbench --test=/usr/share/doc/sysbench/tests/db/oltp.lua --mysql-table-engine=innodb --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-db=dba_test --num-threads=8 --oltp-table-size=500000 --oltp_tables_count=3 --oltp-read-only=off --report-interval=10 --rand-type=uniform --max-time=600 --max-requests=0 --mysql-user=zjy --mysql-password=zjy cleanup
参考：